What was pan slavism

The concept was further developed by the Czech F. After the transformation of the Austrian Empire into the Austro-Hungarian Empire he shifted his orientation to Russia and participated in the Moscow Slavic Congress of Pan-Slavism did not command much support among the Poles , who were swayed more by Romantic patriotism and dreams of renewing the Polish state in its pre boundaries.

Nevertheless, within Poland pro-Russian and anti-Russian camps developed, the latter camp believing that the leading role in any Slavic union should be Poland's. Like their Russian counterparts the Polish proponents of Pan-Slavism did not recognize any right of the Ukrainian people to self-determination or to a separate existence. In the late 19th century Russians came to dominate the debate over the goals and the rationale of Pan-Slavism. With the rise of the Slavophiles in the s a growing interest began to be shown in Pan-Slavism together with the idea that Russia should be the most prominent figure in any Slavic union.

It was the Crimean War , however, in particular the shock of the empire's diplomatic isolation, that raised the profile of Pan-Slavism: a Slavic union was seen as a guarantee that Russia would never again stand alone.

Benevolent committees were also established later in Saint Petersburg , Kyiv , and Odesa The most identifiable figures in the movement included Mikhail Pogodin and M. The tone of the Russian Pan-Slavists became increasingly political as Russia moved from a fraternal role to a political one, particularly after the Polish Insurrection of —4. Its most broadly formulated program was prepared by N.

Danilevsky in a work serialized in as Rossiia i Evropa , which foresaw the future addition of Galicia , Transcarpathia , and Bukovyna to the Russian Empire. Changed political circumstances in the s undercut the tacit political support Pan-Slavism had enjoyed as a semiofficial policy, and it declined in popularity.

Sasoi hartako erromantizismo eta nazionalismo ideologiek eragin handia izan zuen paneslavismoa sortzerakoan. Paneslavismoaren lehenengo ildoak Jahrhunderts als romantischer Nationalismus. Aus der panslawistischen Bewegung gingen im Jahrhundert die Sowjetunion, die Tschechoslowakei und Jugoslawien hervor.

Seit dem Zerfall dieser Staaten gilt der Panslawismus als politisch gescheitert. After the turn of the century, so-called Neoslavism developed in Austria-Hungary and gained support among younger Slav intellectuals and politicians. In and , the third and fourth Slav Congresses met in Prague and Sofia respectively. Neoslavism rejected Russian hegemony, but encouraged cooperation with Russia.

Panslav committees collected money and medical supplies, while volunteers joined the armies of the Balkan League. Austro-Hungarian Slav soldiers and reservists were restless. Authorities grew increasingly worried and overreacted. The generals saw the danger of Panslavism everywhere and many suggested that it could be eliminated only by decisive action.

During the Second Balkan War, they advocated military intervention against Serbia. In Russia, the victories of Balkan Slavs emboldened the Panslavs and increased public support for Panslavism. The Panslavs grew increasingly critical of Austria-Hungary and pushed for an anti-Austrian foreign policy.

While limited, the impact of Panslav efforts on Russian diplomacy was not negligible. The Russian ambassador in Serbia, Nikolaus Hartwig , was an ardent Panslav and contributed to the deterioration of relations between Serbia and Austria-Hungary before the war.

After the Sarajevo assassination and during the July crisis , Russian Panslavs pressured their government to support Serbia unconditionally. The impact of these endeavours was limited; other considerations shaped Russian foreign policy much more decisively.

During the war, Panslav propaganda was widely used to motivate Russian troops. It also targeted Austro-Hungarian Slav soldiers. Serbian soldiers even executed non-Slav POWs on a few occasions. Slav POWs were subjected to nationalist and Panslav propaganda in an attempt to recruit them to various national legions. Additionally, the populations of the Russian-occupied parts of Germany and Austria-Hungary were often treated differently: Slavophones were seen as allies, others as enemies and potential spies.

In Germany, the exaggerated threat of Panslavism was used in propaganda even as the Austro-Hungarian leadership, aware of the large Slav population within its borders, warned against it.